DRUMMONDVILLE CA
DRUMMONDVILLE
HomeGround improvementPreloading with Surcharge Design

Preloading with Surcharge Design for Drummondville Sites

Site investigations you can build on.

LEARN MORE

A new warehouse near the Autoroute 20 interchange needed to handle 50 kPa of floor load. The top 8 meters there are soft silty clay with intermittent peat lenses. Without treatment, total settlement would exceed 350 mm over five years. We designed a preloading with surcharge program using 4.5 m of granular fill placed over a sand drainage blanket. Vertical wick drains were installed on a 1.5 m triangular grid to accelerate primary consolidation. Piezometers and settlement plates tracked pore pressure dissipation weekly. The surcharge was removed once 95% of estimated primary consolidation was reached. That took 13 weeks instead of the 18 predicted without wick drains. The floor slab was then cast on the improved subgrade. For sites with similar conditions, combining this method with a densidad-cono-arena verification of fill compaction ensures uniform load transfer.

Illustrative image of Preloading with surcharge design in Drummondville
For Drummondville's soft clay, preloading with surcharge can cut settlement time by half compared to waiting for natural consolidation.

Our service areas

Methodology and scope

What we see most in Drummondville is that preloading with surcharge design has to account for the area's deep, compressible clay deposits. These clays have natural water contents between 55% and 70%, with plasticity indices from 35 to 50. The overconsolidation ratio near the surface is usually 1.2 to 1.5, dropping to 1.0 below 6 m. We use oedometer tests to determine the compression index and coefficient of consolidation for each layer. A typical design approach involves:
  • Calculating the required surcharge height to achieve the target post-construction settlement in 12 to 18 months
  • Sizing a sand blanket at least 0.5 m thick with a permeability over 1x10⁻³ cm/s
  • Specifying wick drain spacing based on horizontal consolidation coefficients from field tests
Field verification is critical. We run placa-de-carga tests on the improved ground before the slab is poured. That confirms the modulus of subgrade reaction meets the structural engineer's input.
Technical reference — Drummondville

Local considerations

The main risk in Drummondville is underestimating the secondary compression rate of the clay. Unlike the sandier soils near Sherbrooke, the Saint-François floodplain clays have a high secondary compression index. If the surcharge is removed too early, creep settlements can add 50 to 100 mm over the building's life. Another risk is hydraulic fracture in the clay during drain installation. We mitigate that by limiting installation speed and using mandrels with a small cross-section. A third issue is differential settlement at the transition between cut and fill areas on the same site. We always model the full footprint and not just the thickest soil column.

Need a geotechnical assessment?

Reply within 24h.

Email: contact@geotechnical-engineering.org

Applicable standards

NBCC 2020 — Section 4.1 (foundations on compressible soils), CSA + CSA + CSA + CSA + CSA + ASTM D2435 (also CFEM Ch 2) (also CFEM Ch 2) (also CFEM Ch 2) (also CFEM Ch 2) (also CFEM Ch 2) / D2435M-11 — Standard Test Methods for One-Dimensional Consolidation, ASTM D5918 — Standard Practices for Determining Settlement Potential of Clay Soils

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
Surcharge load range30 to 80 kPa (typical)
Fill placement lift thickness0.3 m loose, compacted to 95% SPD
Drain spacing (triangular)1.2 to 2.0 m center-to-center
Target degree of consolidation90% to 95%
Monitoring duration3 to 18 months
Post-treatment CBR5% to 12% depending on soil
Settlement plate accuracy± 1 mm

Frequently asked questions

How long does a typical preloading with surcharge program last in Drummondville clay?

For most sites along the Saint-François River valley, the program lasts 4 to 12 months. Vertical drains shorten that by 40% to 60%. The exact duration depends on drain spacing, surcharge height, and the target degree of consolidation.

What is the typical cost range for a preloading with surcharge design study in Drummondville?

The cost for the design study, including field investigation and lab testing, is between CA$1,080 and CA$3,810. This covers boreholes, consolidation tests, and settlement analysis. Construction costs for fill and drains are separate.

Can preloading with surcharge be used on sites with organic soils or peat?

Yes, but with caution. Peat layers have very high secondary compression. The surcharge must be maintained longer, and the final settlement may still exceed 200 mm. We often recommend partial removal of organic layers before fill placement.

What monitoring equipment do you recommend during surcharge placement?

We recommend settlement plates at the original ground surface and at the fill surface, pneumatic piezometers at two depths within the compressible layer, and inclinometers at the site boundaries to detect lateral movement. Data is read weekly during rapid fill placement.

Location and service area

We serve projects across Drummondville.

Location and service area